Expected level of development
Australian Curriculum Mathematics V9: AC9M4A02
Numeracy Progression: Multiplicative strategies: P6
At this level, students recall and demonstrate mastery of multiplication facts to 10 x 10 with related division facts, and extend to working with larger numbers. They use number facts and flexible strategies with computation of number problems.
Provide opportunities for students to develop proficiency in automatic recall of the multiplication facts to 10 x 10. Use materials such as hundreds charts, arrays and 10 x 10 grid patterns to look for patterns, and record number facts for multiplication and the inverse operation of division. Use these materials in number talks to develop deeper understanding and to demonstrate and help students build strategies to use known multiplication facts to help learn other multiplication facts. For example, using doubling of multiplication facts for 4 times tables can help us learn our 8 times tables.
Use factor trees to show how a multiplication fact can be broken down into smaller parts, and then apply the distributive property of multiplication. For example, 6 x 9 can be split into two smaller parts, 6 x 4 and 6 x 5 – recognising that this is 6 x 4 + 6 x 5 = 24 + 30 which is 54.
Use flash cards and mathematical games to help recall of multiplication facts to 10 x 10 and related division facts.
Teaching and learning summary:
- Use arrays to develop, represent and explain patterns in the 10 x 10 multiplication facts and related division facts.
- Use materials or diagrams to develop and record multiplication strategies.
- Provide opportunities for students to recall and apply multiplication facts to 10 x 10 and related division facts.
- Extend the informal introduction to multiplication and division as inverse operations 10 x 10 and 100/10.
The Learning from home activities are designed to be used flexibly by teachers, parents and carers, as well as the students themselves. They can be used in a number of ways including to consolidate and extend learning done at school or for home schooling.
Learning intention
- We are learning to identify the features of a number pattern.
Why are we learning about this?
- Number patterns can help us learn our times tables.
What to do
1. Look at the number chart below. What numbers are highlighted?
- How might this help you learn your 9 times tables?
- Do you notice any patterns?
2. Which of these statements about the highlighted numbers are true?
- The ones digits decrease by one starting from 9.
- The tens digits increase by 1 staring from 9.
- The sum of the two digits is 9.
- The pattern is horizontal staring from 9.
3. Shade in your own numbers to reveal counting patterns.
4. Record the times table facts to go with the shaded numbers.
Success criteria
I can:
- explain how a hundreds chart can be used to display patterns
- write and recall times tables.
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Teaching strategies
A collection of evidence-based teaching strategies applicable to this topic. Note we have not included an exhaustive list and acknowledge that some strategies such as differentiation apply to all topics. The selected teaching strategies are suggested as particularly relevant, however you may decide to include other strategies as well.
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Structuring lessons
A well-developed lesson structure is important for both teacher and students.
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Explicit teaching
Explicit teaching is about making the learning intentions and success criteria clear, with the teacher using examples and working though problems, setting relevant learning tasks and checking student understanding and providing feedback.
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Multiple exposures
Providing students with multiple opportunities within different contexts to practise skills and apply concepts allows them to consolidate and deepen their understanding.
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Spaced, interleaved and retrieval practice
These are three strategies that can be used to increase student retention and recall of their learning.
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Number Talks
An illustration of a teacher running a number talk with a lower primary class
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Using games and storybooks
Games and storybooks are great resources to use in the classroom and are engaging for students.
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Teaching resources
A range of resources to support you to build your student's understanding of these concepts, their skills and procedures. The resources incorporate a variety of teaching strategies.
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Pocket money: Saving for an item
In this lesson students use efficient strategies when performing calculations involving money.
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reSolve: Multiplication - The tiler
In this series of lessons, students apply their number facts to solve problems using the context of tiling.
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Arrays
Use this interactive tool for students to practise recall and recognising patterns in multiplication facts.
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What's going on? Properties of multiplication and division
This unit develops students’ recognition of pattern in equations involving multiplication and division with whole numbers.
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Count me in
This activity provides an opportunity for students to apply number knowledge and justify their answers.
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Times tables shifts
This interactive task will help students become familiar with multiplication (times tables) facts by encouraging them to think about number properties.
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Table patterns go wild!
Use this task to extend students’ understanding of counting patterns that are linked to multiplication facts up to 10 x 10.
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Round and round the circle
This problem brings out patterns in numbers, factors and multiples as well as properties of shapes.
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Catrina's cards
Use this task to further develop students’ understanding of multiplication.
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Dividing? Think about multiplying first
Students recall multiplication to 10 x 10, and the corresponding division facts.
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Arrays, multiplication and division
This article explores how the array can be used as a thinking tool to help students develop an in-depth understanding of multiplication and division.
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7 times table and patterns
Use these set of slides to explore number patterns and times tables.
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